Now, Arnsten has joined forces with Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh, MD, PhD, assistant professor of psychiatry and of neurology, who has been treating long COVID patients with a combination of guanfacine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant also used for the treatment of TBI. Kent Professor of Neuroscience and professor of psychology, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD in 2009, but clinicians have also used it extensively off-label for other prefrontal cortical disorders such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTSD. Guanfacine, developed in the lab of Amy Arnsten, PhD, Albert E. While the number of patients they studied is too small for their results to be definitive, Yale researchers-using their extensive experience with two existing medications-have published initial evidence that those drugs, given together, can mitigate or even eliminate brain fog. Brain fog can be debilitating, but there currently are no treatment options that are approved for the condition. Long-haulers may experience a lack of mental clarity, poor focus and concentration, memory problems, difficulty with multi-tasking, and more. While symptoms vary widely, a common complaint among patients is “brain fog”-a colloquial term for significant, persistent cognitive deficits, with consistent impairment of executive functioning and working memory. Individuals with long COVID, sometimes referred to as “long-haulers,” experience symptoms that may persist for weeks, months, or even years after their acute viral infection.

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